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<p>出现于<a href="declarations.html" title="c/language/declarations">声明</a>语法中，作为修改声明对象<a href="object.html#.E5.AF.B9.E9.BD.90" title="c/language/object">对齐要求</a>的指定符。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.AF.AD.E6.B3.95">语法</span></h3>
<table class="t-sdsc-begin">

<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-sdsc">
<td> <code><b>_Alignas</b></code> <code><b>(</b></code> <span class="t-spar">表达式</span> <code><b>)</b></code>
</td>
<td> (1)
</td>
<td> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11 起)</span>
</td></tr>



<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-sdsc">
<td> <code><b>_Alignas</b></code> <code><b>(</b></code> <span class="t-spar">类型</span> <code><b>)</b></code>
</td>
<td> (2)
</td>
<td> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11 起)</span>
</td></tr>



<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr></table>
<table class="t-par-begin">


<tr class="t-par">
<td>  <span class="t-spar">表达式</span>
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td>  任何值为合法<a href="object.html#.E5.AF.B9.E9.BD.90" title="c/language/object">对齐</a>或零的<a href="constant_expression.html" title="c/language/constant expression">整数常量表达式</a>
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td>  <span class="t-spar">类型</span>
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td>  任何<a href="type.html#.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B.E5.90.8D" title="c/language/types">类型名称</a>
</td></tr></table>
<p>此关键词亦用作便利宏 <a href="../types.html" title="c/types"><tt>alignas</tt></a> ，此宏可用于头文件 <code>&lt;stdalign.h&gt;</code> 。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.A7.A3.E9.87.8A">解释</span></h3>
<p><code>_Alignas</code> 只能在声明不是<a href="bit_field.html" title="c/language/bit field">位域</a>，且不拥有<a href="storage_duration.html" title="c/language/storage duration">寄存器</a>存储类的对象时使用。它不能用于函数参数声明，亦不能用于 typedef 。
</p><p>用于声明时，设置被声明对象的<a href="object.html#.E5.AF.B9.E9.BD.90" title="c/language/object">对齐要求</a>为
</p>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> <span class="t-spar">表达式</span> 的结果，除非它是零</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> <span class="t-spar">类型</span> 的对齐要求，即设置为 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">_Alignof<span class="br0">(</span>type<span class="br0">)</span></span></span></div>
<p>除非这会减弱该类型自然拥有的对齐。
</p><p>若 <span class="t-spar">表达式</span> 求值为零，则此指定符无效果。
</p><p>多个 _Alignas 指定符出现于同一个声明中时，使用最严格者。
</p><p>_Alignas 指定符只需要出现于对象<a href="declarations.html#.E5.AE.9A.E4.B9.89" title="c/language/declarations">定义</a>中，但若任何声明使用 _Alignas ，则它所指定的对齐必须与定义上的 _Alignas 相同。若不同的翻译单元为同一对象指定不同对齐，则行为未定义。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E6.84.8F">注意</span></h3>
<p>在出版之初， C11 不允许将指定符用于结构体和联合体成员；这已为 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2257.htm#dr_444">DR 444</a> 所更正。
</p><p>C++ 中， <code>alignas</code> 指定符亦可应用于声明 <code>class</code>/<code>struct</code>/<code>union</code> 类型以及枚举。这在 C 中不受支持，但能通过在成员声明中使用 _Alignas 控制 struct 类型的对齐（ DR 444 前）。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.85.B3.E9.94.AE.E8.AF.8D">关键词</span></h3>
<p><a href="../keyword/_Alignas.html" title="c/keyword/ Alignas"><tt>_Alignas</tt></a>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">运行此代码</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="c source-c"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include &lt;stdalign.h&gt;</span>
<span class="co2">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span>
<span class="co1">//  每一个 struct sse_t 类型的对象会在 16 字节边界对齐</span>
<span class="co1">// （注意：需要支持 DR 444 ）</span>
<span class="kw1">struct</span> sse_t
<span class="br0">{</span>
  alignas<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">16</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">float</span> sse_data<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">4</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="co1">// 这种 struct data 的每一个对象都会在 128 字节边界对齐</span>
<span class="kw1">struct</span> data <span class="br0">{</span>
  <span class="kw4">char</span> x<span class="sy4">;</span>
  alignas<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">128</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw4">char</span> cacheline<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">128</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 过对齐的 char 数组对象，</span>
                                    <span class="co1">// 不是过对齐的 char 对象的数组</span>
<span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
    <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"sizeof(data) = %zu (1 byte + 127 bytes padding + 128-byte array)<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>,
           <span class="kw4">sizeof</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw1">struct</span> data<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
    <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"alignment of sse_t is %zu<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, alignof<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw1">struct</span> sse_t<span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
    alignas<span class="br0">(</span><span class="nu0">2048</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="kw1">struct</span> data d<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 此 struct data 的实例会更严格地对齐</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>输出：
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">sizeof(data) = 256 (1 byte + 127 bytes padding + 128-byte array)
alignment of sse_t is 16</pre></div></div> 
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8">引用</span></h3>
<div class="t-ref-std-11">
<ul><li> C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 6.7.5 Alignment specifier 
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 6.2.8 Alignment of objects (p: 48-49)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 7.15 Alignment &lt;stdalign.h&gt; (p: 268)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">

</table>

<!-- 
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Preprocessor generated node count: 5435/1000000
Post‐expand include size: 43747/2097152 bytes
Template argument size: 8839/2097152 bytes
Highest expansion depth: 16/40
Expensive parser function count: 0/100
-->

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